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Health Disparities Research in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Scoping Review.

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Summary

This review synthesizes health disparities research in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS). Most studies detect disparities in specific areas like cleft lip/palate, focusing on race, socioeconomic status, and gender, with limited research on understanding or reducing these disparities.

Keywords:
facial plastic and reconstructive surgeryfacial plastic surgeryhealth disparitiessocial determinants of health

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Area of Science:

  • Health disparities research
  • Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS)

Background:

  • Health disparities significantly impact disease, health outcomes, and access to care.
  • Existing research on health disparities within facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) is limited.
  • This scoping review addresses the need to synthesize current disparities research in FPRS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive scoping review of existing literature on health disparities in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS).
  • To identify key themes, research gaps, and opportunities for future disparities-related research in FPRS.
  • To guide future efforts aimed at addressing health disparities within the field of FPRS.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic scoping review was performed adhering to the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.
  • Searches were conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, including all years up to March 3, 2023.
  • All peer-reviewed primary literature related to disparities in FPRS, regardless of study design, was included.

Main Results:

  • Out of 12,283 unique abstracts, 108 studies were included. Key topics included cleft lip and palate (40.7%), facial trauma (29.6%), and gender affirmation (9.3%).
  • Race/ethnicity (68.5%), socioeconomic status (65.7%), and gender/sex (40.7%) were the most studied disparity factors. Social capital, religion, and occupation were minimally discussed.
  • The majority of studies (59.2%) were published after 2018, predominantly non-prospective (95.4%), focusing on disparity detection (80.6%) rather than understanding (13.9%) or reduction (5.6%).

Conclusions:

  • The existing literature on health disparities in FPRS is captured, revealing a concentration in specific subfields.
  • Current research predominantly focuses on identifying disparities, with limited emphasis on understanding underlying causes or developing interventions.
  • Significant gaps and opportunities exist for future research to address and reduce health disparities in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery.