Protocol to operate a large-scale CO₂ hydrogenation process for formic acid production

Formic acid is a viable product of CO₂ utilization. Here, we present a protocol for designing and operating a pilot-scale formic acid production plant with a 10 kg/day capacity produced via CO₂ hydrogenation. We describe the essential process specifications required for successful operation, including prevention of corrosion and formic acid decomposition. We then detail procedures for steady-state operation of the individual units. This protocol provides the necessary information for further scale-up and commercialization of the CO₂ hydrogenation process. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kim et al.¹.