A technique based on infrared spectroscopy for determining sulfanilamide levels sustainably: Progress and comparisons...

The study aimed to determine the potential of the infrared (IR) spectrophotometric technique for measuring the content of sulphanilamide with the sulfonamide group. The study aimed to obtain the IR spectra of sulfanilamide and use the -SO₂ band at 1114.37 for the quantitative assay, determining its area under the curve (AUC). The study gives an alternative approach to existing analytical techniques that require vast amounts of organic solvents, which are costly and can be toxic, thus impacting the environment and increasing the analysis cost. The study evaluated the method's whiteness and greenness by utilizing the Complex green analytical procedure index, analytical GREEness calculator and Red Green Blue algorithm tool. The linierity was found to be 5 to 30 µg/ml. The present study has developed an infrared (IR) spectroscopic method that employs a straightforward sample preparation technique in methanol. The IR spectroscopic method's linearity range was determined to be 5-30 µg/ml. The p-value was 0.001 at 95 % confidence level assuring better recovery. This method is evaluated according to the Q2R1 ICH guideline. It is applicable to routine quality control analysis without pre-extraction using green IR spectroscopy. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that IR spectrophotometric techniques can quantify sulfanilamide while reducing the use of organic solvents, contributing to the green-and-white analytical chemistry approach. The developed methods are reliable, accurate, and cost-effective and have the potential to be implemented in routine analysis of sulfanilamide.