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Related Concept Videos

Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
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Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists potentiate the effects of endogenous catecholamines through different mechanisms without directly binding to adrenoceptors.
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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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Rethinking interpersonal judgments: dopamine antagonists impact attributional dynamics.

Andreea O Diaconescu1, Povilas Karvelis2, Daniel J Hauke3

  • 1Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

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Haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist, enhances belief flexibility and reduces paranoia by improving social context sensitivity. This offers a potential mechanism for treating schizophrenia symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with altered social cognition and attributional biases, including paranoia.
  • Dopamine pathways, particularly involving D2/D3 receptors, are implicated in social processing and psychosis.
  • Understanding the neurochemical basis of these biases is crucial for developing targeted treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of haloperidol, a D2/D3 dopamine antagonist, on social attributions.
  • To elucidate the computational mechanisms underlying haloperidol's impact on belief formation in social contexts.
  • To explore the potential of haloperidol as a therapeutic agent for paranoia in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computational modeling to analyze social attribution tasks.
  • Administered haloperidol to participants and assessed changes in belief flexibility.
  • Quantified sensitivity to social context and self-relevant perspective-taking.

Main Results:

  • Haloperidol significantly increased belief flexibility.
  • The drug enhanced sensitivity to social context cues.
  • Self-relevant perspective-taking was reduced under haloperidol treatment.
  • These changes correlated with a reduction in paranoia-like interpretations.

Conclusions:

  • Haloperidol modulates social cognition by increasing belief flexibility and context sensitivity.
  • These computational effects provide a mechanistic explanation for haloperidol's therapeutic potential in schizophrenia.
  • Targeting dopamine D2/D3 receptors may alleviate paranoid ideation through enhanced social information processing.