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Sonodynamic therapy for the treatment of atherosclerosis
Yan Zhang1, Ying Yang2, Yudi Feng1
1The Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
Insights
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) shows promise for treating atherosclerosis (AS) by inhibiting plaque progression and stabilizing arterial inflammation. This review details SDT
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Biomedical Engineering
- Oncology
Background:
- Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arterial disease with high mortality and disability rates despite current treatments.
- Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) emerges as a promising non-invasive therapeutic approach for AS.
- SDT offers localized treatment for inhibiting atherosclerotic progression and stabilizing plaques.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review ultrasonic parameters and sonosensitizers used in SDT for AS.
- To elaborate on the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of SDT in AS.
- To discuss the safety and establish a framework for future SDT research in AS.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on SDT for atherosclerosis.
- Analysis of ultrasonic parameters and sonosensitizers.
- Elaboration on SDT's effects on cellular and molecular components of atherosclerotic plaques.
Main Results:
- SDT demonstrates therapeutic effects on apoptosis and autophagy in AS cells, particularly macrophages.
- SDT influences macrophages, T lymphocytes, neovascularization, smooth muscle cells, lipids, and extracellular matrix within plaques.
- Non-lethal SDT strategies and efferocytosis modulation are discussed.
Conclusions:
- SDT is a promising non-invasive therapy for atherosclerosis, with established effects on plaque components and cellular processes.
- Further research is needed to optimize SDT parameters and sonosensitizers for clinical application in AS.
- This review provides a comprehensive framework for future research into SDT for atherosclerosis.
Abstract:
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries that leads to ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Despite the current treatments, mortality and disability still remain high. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a non-invasive and localized methodology, has been developed as a promising new treatment for inhibiting atherosclerotic progression and stabilizing plaques. Promising progress has been made through cell and animal assays, as well as clinical trials. For example, the effect of SDT on apoptosis and autophagy of cells in AS, especially macrophages, and the concept of non-lethal SDT has also been proposed. In this review, we summarize the ultrasonic parameters and known sonosensitizers utilized in SDT for AS; we elaborate on SDT's therapeutic effects and mechanisms in terms of macrophages, T lymphocytes, neovascularization, smooth muscle cells, lipid, extracellular matrix and efferocytosis within plaques; additionally, we discuss the safety of SDT. A comprehensive summary of the confirmed effects of SDT on AS is conducted to establish a framework for future researchers.
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