Bile acids and coronavirus disease 2019

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Virology
• Immunology

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has seen reduced impact but long-term effects and prevention strategies require further investigation.
• Bile acids, crucial for digestion, are increasingly recognized for their role in viral infections.
• Understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host metabolic pathways is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on the relationship between bile acids and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms linking bile acids to COVID-19.
• To explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting bile acid metabolism for SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent basic science research.
• Analysis of clinical evidence and studies.
• Examination of molecular interactions and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

• Ursodeoxycholic acid may protect against SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting the farnesoid X receptor.
• Activation of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptors influences angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, a key viral entry point.
• Bile acids exhibit complex roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection, impacting both viral entry and host response.

Conclusions:

• Bile acids represent a promising area for understanding and potentially treating SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• Targeting bile acid metabolism could offer novel therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.
• Further research is needed to fully understand the intricate mechanisms involved.