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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children in Norway: A national cohort study, 2016-2021

Inga Katherina Kelpanides1,2, Stephan Katzenschlager3, Eirik Skogvoll4,5

  • 1Department of Research & Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Resuscitation Plus
|May 27, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in children is rare but serious, with choking and respiratory issues being leading causes. Infants under one year face the highest risk, highlighting the need for focused prevention and infant care strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in children is a critical medical emergency.
  • Understanding the specific incidence, causes, and outcomes of pediatric OHCA is vital for targeted interventions.
  • Children represent a distinct patient group with unique needs during cardiac arrest events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the age-specific incidence of pediatric OHCA.
  • To identify the primary causes and circumstances surrounding pediatric OHCA.
  • To evaluate the outcomes of pediatric OHCA to inform prevention and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cohort study utilizing data from the Norwegian Cardiac Arrest Registry.
  • Analysis of data from 2016-2021 for individuals under 18 years of age.
  • Descriptive statistics were used to report incidence, causes, treatment, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of pediatric OHCA was 4.6 per 100,000 child-years, significantly higher in infants (<1 year) at 20.9 per 100,000 child-years.
  • Leading causes included choking, cardiac and respiratory diseases, and sudden infant death syndrome.
  • Overall survival to 30 days was 21%, and to one year was 18%.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric OHCA characteristics differ from adults, with infants <1 year being a high-risk group.
  • Effective prevention and treatment strategies should focus on infant care, bystander first aid, and early identification of at-risk children.
  • Cardiac arrest registries are crucial for advancing research and improving care for pediatric cardiac arrest.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiac arrestCardiac arrest registryEpidemiologyPaediatric cardiac arrestPaediatric emergencyPre hospital care

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