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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Immune Signature And Therapeutic Approach Of Natural Killer Cell In Chronic Liver Disease And Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Immune Signature And Therapeutic Approach Of Natural Killer Cell In Chronic Liver Disease And Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

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Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
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Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Published on: February 14, 2025

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Immune signature and therapeutic approach of natural killer cell in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Seung Kak Shin1, Sooyeon Oh2, Su-Kyung Chun2

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|May 27, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial for innate immunity, especially in the liver. Impaired NK cell function in chronic liver diseases (CLDs) promotes liver cancer, and targeting the MICA/B-NKG2D axis offers a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Keywords:
Chronic liver diseaseHepatic stellate cellsHepatocellular carcinomaLiver fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hepatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells are vital innate immune cells in the liver, crucial for combating viral infections and tumors.
  • Dysfunctional NK cells and altered NK cell counts are linked to chronic liver diseases (CLDs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development.
  • The interaction between NK cells and hepatic stellate cells influences liver fibrosis, while impaired NK cell function exacerbates HCC progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review NK cell immune signatures in chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
  • To discuss the role of the MICA/B-NKG2D axis in HCC pathogenesis and prognosis.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting NK cells and the MICA/B-NKG2D pathway for HCC treatment.

Main Methods:

Natural killer cells
  • Literature review of recent studies on NK cells in CLD and HCC.
  • Analysis of the MICA/B-NKG2D axis in the context of HCC.
  • Discussion of current and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC.

    • Main Results:

    • Chronic viral hepatitis and CLDs impair NK cell function, contributing to HCC development.
    • Soluble MICA (sMICA), released by sheddases, downregulates NKG2D on NK cells, hindering anti-tumor immunity.
    • Low membrane-bound MICA and high sMICA levels correlate with poor HCC prognosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Reversing sMICA-mediated NKG2D downregulation is a potential strategy to enhance anti-HCC immunity.
    • NK cell-based immunotherapies and MICA/B-NKG2D-targeted approaches show promise for HCC treatment.
    • Further research into NK cell dynamics in CLD and HCC is essential for developing effective therapies.