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Related Concept Videos

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics is caused by various factors influencing how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Understanding these nonlinear processes is crucial for predicting drug behavior in the body and optimizing drug dosing regimens.
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics01:20

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Chronopharmacokinetics studies the temporal change in drug absorption and elimination. These changes can be cyclical or non-cyclical. Cyclical changes occur over a regular interval, while non-cyclical changes occur over a longer, irregular period.
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Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:19

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Nonlinear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is a phenomenon that occurs when the pharmacokinetic parameters of certain drugs deviate from linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. These drugs do not follow the expected first-order kinetics, where the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Instead, they exhibit a nonlinear relationship, which can be attributed to several factors.
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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
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The empty code cart: Drug shortages over time.

Tyler Gentile1, Isabel Snee1, Dorothy Heinrichs2

  • 1Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
|May 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug shortages for essential code cart medications are frequent and prolonged, impacting patient care. Improving the drug supply chain is crucial for patient safety and consistent treatment during emergencies.

Keywords:
code cart medicationsdrug shortagesmedication safetysupply chain

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Health Services Research
  • Supply Chain Management

Background:

  • Clinicians depend on readily available medications in code carts for critical care situations like cardiac arrest.
  • Ensuring timely and accurate pharmacotherapy relies on the consistent stocking of these essential drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in drug shortages affecting medications commonly stocked in hospital code carts.
  • To characterize the frequency, duration, and causes of these critical drug shortages.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized drug shortage data from the University of Utah Drug Information Service (UUDIS) spanning 2001 to 2022.
  • Extracted and analyzed information on the number of shortages, their duration, drug specifics, and reported causes.

Main Results:

  • 71 shortages of code cart medications were reported between 2001 and 2022, peaking in 2010.
  • Resolved shortages averaged 18.2 months; dextrose, calcium chloride, and atropine injection experienced notable prolonged shortages.
  • Manufacturing delays were the most common cause cited for shortages, with limited suppliers for key drugs like dextrose prefilled syringes.

Conclusions:

  • Frequent and extended drug shortages for code cart medications pose a significant risk to patient care.
  • Developing institutional mitigation strategies and strengthening the drug supply chain are essential for patient safety and quality healthcare delivery.