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Temperature-induced morphological change in Culex pipiens.

D P Wilton1, W L Jakob

  • 1Division of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, CO 80522-2087.

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
|June 1, 1985
PubMed
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Temperature significantly impacts Culex pipiens mosquito hybrid populations. Elevated temperatures favor Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus traits, while cooler temperatures promote Culex pipiens pipiens characteristics.

Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Environmental Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Culex pipiens pipiens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are sibling mosquito species with distinct ecological niches.
  • Hybridization between these subspecies can occur, potentially altering their characteristics and geographic distribution.
  • Environmental factors, such as temperature, are known to influence insect development and physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of different temperatures on the hybrid offspring of Culex pipiens pipiens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus.
  • To determine how temperature influences the expression of traits in these mosquito hybrids over multiple generations.
  • To assess the potential for temperature-driven shifts in subspecies identification within hybrid colonies.

Main Methods:

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  • Monitoring of DV/D ratios in parental subspecies and reciprocal hybrids of Culex pipiens pipiens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus.
  • Maintenance of mosquito stocks at two distinct temperatures: 15.6°C and 23.9°C.
  • Observation over a period of 10 generations to track changes in hybrid populations.

Main Results:

  • Parental subspecies showed minimal variation in DV/D ratios across temperatures.
  • At 23.9°C, hybrid DV/D ratios increased significantly, leading to a 16-fold rise in individuals identifiable as Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus.
  • At 15.6°C, hybrid DV/D ratios decreased, resulting in a 4- to 5-fold increase in individuals identifiable as Culex pipiens pipiens.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature is a critical factor influencing the phenotypic expression of Culex pipiens hybrids.
  • Warmer temperatures promote the Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus phenotype, while cooler temperatures favor the Culex pipiens pipiens phenotype.
  • Close monitoring of Culex pipiens hybrid colonies is essential due to temperature-driven shifts in subspecies characteristics.