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Published on: September 26, 2018
Long COVID and cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study
Claire Alexandra Lawson1, Alastair James Moss1, Jayanth Ranjit Arnold1
1Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Insights
Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or risk factors experienced delayed COVID-19 recovery. This highlights an unmet need for targeted interventions to improve long-term health outcomes after infection.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors are linked to severe COVID-19 complications.
- The impact of CVD on post-discharge recovery from COVID-19 remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if CVD or cardiovascular risk factors influence patient-perceived recovery rates after COVID-19 hospitalization.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter prospective cohort study involving patients discharged after COVID-19 hospitalization.
- Patients were assessed at 5 and 12 months post-discharge.
- Stratification based on pre-existing CVD or risk factors compared to controls.
Main Results:
- 18.5% had CVD and 53.2% had cardiovascular risk factors among 2545 participants.
- Patients with CVD or risk factors were older and more likely to have had severe COVID-19.
- Full recovery at 12 months was significantly lower in patients with CVD (aOR 0.62) and risk factors (aOR 0.66) compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- CVD and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with delayed recovery 12 months post-COVID-19 hospitalization.
- There is a significant unmet need for interventions to mitigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular conditions.
Background:
Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of complications following hospitalisation with COVID-19, but their impact on the rate of recovery following discharge is not known.
Objectives:
To determine whether the rate of patient-perceived recovery following hospitalisation with COVID-19 was affected by the presence of CVD or cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods:
In a multicentre prospective cohort study, patients were recruited following discharge from the hospital with COVID-19 undertaking two comprehensive assessments at 5 months and 12 months. Patients were stratified by the presence of either CVD or cardiovascular risk factors prior to hospitalisation with COVID-19 and compared with controls with neither. Full recovery was determined by the response to a patient-perceived evaluation of full recovery from COVID-19 in the context of physical, physiological and cognitive determinants of health.
Results:
From a total population of 2545 patients (38.8% women), 472 (18.5%) and 1355 (53.2%) had CVD or cardiovascular risk factors, respectively. Compared with controls (n=718), patients with CVD and cardiovascular risk factors were older and more likely to have had severe COVID-19. Full recovery was significantly lower at 12 months in patients with CVD (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.62, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.89) and cardiovascular risk factors (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86).
Conclusion:
Patients with CVD or cardiovascular risk factors had a delayed recovery at 12 months following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Targeted interventions to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular disease remain an unmet need.
Trail Registration Number:
ISRCTN10980107.
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