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The relationship and pathways between resting-state EEG, physical function, and cognitive function in older adults.

Hairong Liu1, Jing Wang2, Xin Xin3

  • 1Physical Education Department of Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.

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Higher physical function in older adults with cognitive impairment is linked to better cognitive function. Specific electroencephalography (EEG) patterns, like theta and alpha2 waves, may mediate this connection, suggesting exercise interventions could help.

Keywords:
Cognitive functionCognitive impairmentElectroencephalography (EEG)Older adultsPhysical function

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment in older adults is a growing concern.
  • Understanding the interplay between physical and cognitive function is crucial for developing effective interventions.
  • Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) offers insights into brain activity related to cognitive and physical health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship and mediating pathways between physical function and cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment using EEG.
  • To identify specific EEG markers that link physical and cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • 140 older adults with cognitive impairment underwent assessments of physical function, cognitive function, and resting-state EEG.
  • Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, ANOVA, linear regression, and structural equation modeling.
  • EEG data focused on theta and alpha2 wave activity in specific brain regions (FP1, T4).

Main Results:

  • Significant mediation effects were observed for FP1 theta (effect size = 0.136) and T4 alpha2 (effect size = 0.140).
  • The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) showed a significant direct effect (effect size = 0.866) and total effect (effect size = 1.142) on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
  • Higher physical function scores correlated with higher cognitive function scores.

Conclusions:

  • Left frontal theta and right temporal alpha2 activity may serve as key mediators between physical and cognitive function in this population.
  • Personalized exercise interventions tailored to individual physical function levels are recommended to potentially delay cognitive decline.
  • Findings highlight the importance of physical activity for maintaining cognitive health in aging individuals with cognitive impairment.