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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Recent advances in stimuli-responsive controlled release systems for neuromodulation.

Jielin Shi1, Chao Tan1, Xiaoqian Ge2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. hjxiong@smu.edu.cn.

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Stimulus-responsive delivery systems offer advanced neuromodulation by precisely controlling neurochemical release. These systems overcome limitations of conventional methods for brain function analysis and disorder treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Neuromodulation is vital for brain function and treating neurological disorders.
  • Conventional neuromodulation methods face challenges like invasiveness and unstable outcomes.
  • Stimulus-responsive delivery systems offer precise, controlled neurochemical release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review biological barriers for in vivo controlled release systems.
  • To examine advances and applications of these systems in neuromodulation.
  • To provide insights for material selection and design in delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of stimulus-responsive delivery systems for neuromodulation.
  • Analysis of biological barriers encountered in vivo.
  • Elucidation of structure-property relationships in delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Identified key biological barriers impacting controlled release systems.
  • Highlighted recent advances and diverse applications in neuromodulation.
  • Demonstrated the link between molecular structure and response mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Stimulus-responsive systems present a paradigm shift in neuromodulation.
  • Understanding biological barriers and material design is crucial for clinical translation.
  • These systems hold significant promise for brain research and therapeutic interventions.