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Heavy Metal(oid)s Contamination and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Agricultural Soils.

Muhammad Saleem1, David Pierce2, Yuqiang Wang2

  • 1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.

Journal of Xenobiotics
|May 28, 2024
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Summary

Heavy metal(oid)s in North Dakota farmland soils, including arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd), show accumulation and potential ecological risks. Continued monitoring is crucial for consumer health and environmental protection.

Keywords:
agriculture soilsecological risk assessmentenrichment factor (EF)heavy metalsprincipal component analysis (PCA)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Heavy metal(oid) pollution poses global risks due to toxicity and bio-accumulation.
  • Assessing soil heavy metal(oid)s is vital for understanding environmental health and agricultural safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine baseline heavy metal(oid) levels, ecological risks, and sources in Grand Forks County, North Dakota farmland soils.
  • To evaluate arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) contamination and their potential ecological impact.

Main Methods:

  • Surface soil samples were analyzed for 11 heavy metal(oid)s using ICP-MS after acid digestion.
  • Statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), were employed.
  • Contamination Factor (Cf), Geo Accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Ecological Risk Factor (Er), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) were calculated.

Main Results:

  • Iron (Fe) was the most abundant metal(oid), while mercury (Hg) was the least.
  • Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) exhibited considerable contamination and significant enrichment.
  • Cadmium (Cd) posed a considerable ecological risk, unlike other analyzed metal(oid)s.

Conclusions:

  • Soil in the study area shows accumulation of As and Cd, with potential risks to crop accumulation and consumer health.
  • Lithogenic sources are the primary contributors to metal(oid) levels, with some exceeding international guidelines.
  • Ongoing environmental monitoring is recommended to manage potential health and ecological impacts.