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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

1.6K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
1.6K
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

995
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
995
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

540
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
540
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

576
Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
576
Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

742
Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
742

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Mechanical Behaviour of Three Heat-Treated NiTi Glide Path Systems at Simulated Intracanal Temperature.

Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc·2026
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Influence of Operating Temperature on the Properties and Performance of Two Heat-Treated Reciprocating NiTi Instruments: An In Vitro Study.

Dentistry journal·2026
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The impact of alloy treatment on the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of triangular base cross-section NiTi endodontic instruments.

Odontology·2025
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Comparison of Commercial and Experimental Fibre-Reinforced Composites in Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth with Minimal Coronal Dentine: An In Vitro Study.

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Influence of Various Irrigation Protocols on the Push-Out Bond Strength of TotalFill and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealers to Root Dentin: A Comparative In Vitro Study.

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Comparison of Debris Extrusion and Preparation Time by Traverse, R-Motion Glider C, and Other Glide Path Systems in Severely Curved Canals.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
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Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

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Exploring morphometric transformations in temperature-sensitive NiTi instruments alongside real-time intracanal

Amre R Atmeh1, Taher Al Omari2, Abdullah F AlQifari3

  • 1Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

International Endodontic Journal
|May 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic instruments show varied shape changes with temperature. Intracanal temperatures stabilize below irrigation solution temperatures, emphasizing the need to consider irrigation temperature in in vitro testing.

Keywords:
NiTi instrumentsintracanal temperatureirrigation temperatureshape transformation

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments are crucial in endodontic treatments.
  • Understanding their thermomechanical properties is vital for clinical success.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the in vivo temperature dynamics during root canal treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morphometric changes of three temperature-sensitive NiTi instruments (XP-Endo Shaper, Finisher, Finisher-R) at varying temperatures.
  • To perform a real-time in vivo analysis of intracanal temperature fluctuations during root canal procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Morphometric analysis of NiTi instruments heated from 22°C to 45°C using digital imaging.
  • Real-time in vivo measurement of intracanal temperatures in human molars using K-type thermocouple probes.
  • Recording intraoral and intracanal temperatures after irrigation with solutions at 22°C and 45°C.

Main Results:

  • XP-Endo Shaper, Finisher, and Finisher-R instruments exhibited distinct shape transformations starting between 26.9°C and 31.5°C.
  • Full transformation resulted in length reductions of 0.43mm to 1.15mm.
  • Intracanal temperatures stabilized around 33°C regardless of initial irrigation solution temperature (22°C or 45°C).

Conclusions:

  • NiTi instruments display temperature-dependent morphometric changes.
  • Intracanal temperature equilibrium is reached below the temperature of the irrigation solution.
  • In vitro evaluations of endodontic instruments should account for irrigation solution temperature effects.