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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
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Substance Misuse in Adults: A Primary Care Approach.

Alicia Kowalchuk1, Sandra J Gonzalez1, Roger J Zoorob1

  • 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

American Family Physician
|May 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Family physicians can combat substance misuse by screening patients for alcohol and drug use. Evidence-based interventions and medications can improve patient outcomes and community health.

Area of Science:

  • Family Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Substance misuse and substance use disorders are significant public health issues, causing widespread morbidity and mortality.
  • A substantial percentage of the population engages in risky alcohol consumption and uses nonprescribed controlled substances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the crucial role of family physicians in addressing substance misuse.
  • To emphasize evidence-based prevention and management strategies for substance use disorders within primary care settings.

Main Methods:

  • Integrating standardized screening and brief intervention for alcohol and substance use into routine adult care.
  • Utilizing person-first, nonstigmatizing language in patient interactions.
  • Leveraging office-based treatments, including FDA-approved medications for alcohol use disorder.

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  • Employing buprenorphine for opioid use disorder treatment following the elimination of the X-waiver.
  • Implementing opioid overdose education and naloxone co-prescribing.

    • Main Results:

    • Alcohol screening and brief intervention can reduce excessive drinking by up to 40% at six months.
    • Office-based treatment for alcohol use disorder remains underutilized.
    • The removal of the X-waiver expands capacity for office-based opioid use disorder treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Family physicians are pivotal in managing substance use disorders through screening, intervention, and treatment.
    • Expanding access to evidence-based treatments like medications for alcohol and opioid use disorders can improve patient and community health.
    • Adopting nonstigmatizing language enhances care for individuals with substance use disorders.