Investigating the neurocognitive background of speech perception with a fast multi-feature MMN paradigm

The speech multi-feature MMN (Mismatch Negativity) offers a means to explore the neurocognitive background of the processing of multiple speech features in a short time, by capturing the time-locked electrophysiological activity of the brain known as event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Originating from Näätänen et al. (Clin Neurophysiol 115:140-144, 2004) pioneering work, this paradigm introduces several infrequent deviant stimuli alongside standard ones, each differing in various speech features. In this study, we aimed to refine the multi-feature MMN paradigm used previously to encompass both segmental and suprasegmental (prosodic) features of speech. In the experiment, a two-syllable long pseudoword was presented as a standard, and the deviant stimuli included alterations in consonants (deviation by place or place and mode of articulation), vowels (deviation by place or mode of articulation), and stress pattern in the first syllable of the pseudoword. Results indicated the emergence of MMN components across all segmental and prosodic contrasts, with the expected fronto-central amplitude distribution. Subsequent analyses revealed subtle differences in MMN responses to the deviants, suggesting varying sensitivity to phonetic contrasts. Furthermore, individual differences in MMN amplitudes were noted, partially attributable to participants' musical and language backgrounds. These findings underscore the utility of the multi-feature MMN paradigm for rapid and efficient investigation of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying speech processing. Moreover, the paradigm demonstrated the potential to be used in further research to study the speech processing abilities in various populations.