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Radical Autoxidation01:20

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
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The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
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Reactive oxygen species on indoor surfaces.

Zhenduo Yao1, Glenn Morrison1

  • 1Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. glenn.morrison@unc.edu.

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Indoor surfaces contribute significantly to reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in homes. This study measured ROS on surfaces, finding higher concentrations on frequently touched areas and horizontally placed plates, supporting their role as an indoor ROS source.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Indoor Air Quality
  • Oxidative Stress

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable molecules found in indoor aerosols.
  • The indoor origin of aerosolized ROS remains largely unquantified.
  • Indoor surface films are hypothesized as a primary source of indoor aerosol ROS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations on indoor surfaces.
  • To investigate the influence of surface contact and orientation on ROS levels.
  • To simulate and analyze the formation of ROS from surface lipid oxidation.

Main Methods:

  • Xylenol orange ferrous oxidation assay used to measure ROS on extracted surface films.
  • ROS concentrations measured on frequently and infrequently touched residential surfaces.
  • Laboratory simulation involving dosing glass plates with a surface lipid mixture (SLM) and exposing them to air.

Main Results:

  • Frequently touched surfaces showed ROS concentrations >0.2 nmol cm-2.
  • Horizontally oriented plates accumulated higher ROS concentrations than vertical plates, with a maximum of 1.3 nmol cm-2 near an electric stove.
  • Laboratory simulations demonstrated a rapid increase in ROS on SLM-coated plates within the first 5-6 days, reaching 5-6 nmol cm-2, followed by a slow decrease.

Conclusions:

  • Indoor surfaces, particularly those frequently touched and horizontally oriented, are a significant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • Surface lipid oxidation is a key mechanism for ROS generation on indoor surfaces.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that indoor surfaces contribute substantially to the ROS burden in indoor environments.