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Biomarkers in asthma, potential for therapeutic intervention
M Asghar Pasha1, Russell J Hopp2, Nazia Habib3
1Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
Summary
Biomarkers help classify asthma into T2-high and T2-low inflammation types, guiding personalized treatment. Validated biomarkers like sputum eosinophilia aid in identifying patients who may benefit from targeted therapies, including biologics.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Immunology
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Asthma is a complex respiratory disease with diverse phenotypes and inflammatory pathways.
- Understanding T2-high (eosinophilic) and T2-low inflammation is crucial for effective asthma management.
- Biomarkers are essential for identifying asthma subtypes and predicting treatment responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of biomarkers in differentiating T2-high and T2-low asthma phenotypes.
- To discuss the clinical utility of biomarkers in guiding therapeutic decisions, particularly for biologic therapies.
- To highlight the importance of validated biomarkers for personalized asthma care.
Main Methods:
- Review of current research on T2 inflammation in asthma.
- Analysis of biomarkers associated with T2-high and T2-low asthma.
- Discussion of validated biomarkers and their clinical applications.
Main Results:
- T2-high asthma is characterized by Type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), eosinophilia, and elevated FeNO.
- T2-low asthma lacks a clear definition but represents a distinct endotype.
- Sputum eosinophilia is a validated biomarker indicating corticosteroid responsiveness or non-compliance.
Conclusions:
- Biomarkers are critical for phenotyping asthma and guiding the use of targeted therapies like biologics.
- Validated biomarkers are needed to optimize treatment selection and improve patient outcomes.
- The ultimate goal is to achieve individualized care for all asthma patients through advanced biomarker discovery and application.
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