Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: correlative US and CT study

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Parasitology
• Hepatology

Background:

• Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is a serious parasitic liver disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis.
• Accurate diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the diagnostic utility of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) in cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).
• To describe the imaging patterns associated with HAE and assess the role of these modalities in follow-up.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 24 confirmed cases of HAE.
• Correlation of US and CT findings with immunologic and histologic confirmation.
• Detailed assessment of liver morphology, parenchymal abnormalities, calcifications, and bile duct involvement.

Main Results:

• US and CT demonstrated significant changes in liver contour and size.
• Abnormal parenchyma appeared nodular or patchy, heterogeneous, and echogenic on US; hypodense on CT without contrast enhancement.
• Microcalcifications and necrotized zones were observed in 50% and 40% of cases, respectively.
• Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts and hilar involvement were common findings.

Conclusions:

• Combined US and CT imaging provide precise evaluation of HAE lesions.
• These imaging modalities are valuable for monitoring disease progression, including lesion increases and extensions.
• Accurate assessment facilitates appropriate therapeutic management of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.