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Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 delta-variant in a preterm infant
Muhammad T K Zia1,2, Kishan Kumar1, Edmund La Gamma1,3
1Department of Pediatrics, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
Background:
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to be relevant and cause illnesses, the effect of emerging virus variants on perinatal health remains to be elucidated. It was demonstrated that vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a relatively rare event in the original SARS-CoV-2 strain. However, very few reports describe vertical transmission related to the delta-variant.
Case Presentation:
We report a case of a preterm male neonate born to a mother with positive SARS-CoV-2 and mild respiratory complications. The neonate was born by cesarean section due to fetal distress. The rupture of the amniotic membrane was at delivery. The neonate had expected prematurity-related complications. His nasopharyngeal swabs for RT-PCR were positive from birth till three weeks of age. RT-ddPCR of the Placenta showed a high load of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with subgenomic viral RNA. RNAscope technique demonstrated both the positive strand of the S gene and the orf1ab negative strand. Detection of subgenomic RNA and the orf1ab negative strand indicats active viral replication in the placenta.
Conclusions:
Our report demonstrates active viral replication of the SARS-CoV-2 delta-variant in the placenta associated with vertical transmission in a preterm infant.
Insights
The SARS-CoV-2 delta variant can replicate in the placenta, leading to vertical transmission in preterm infants. This case highlights the ongoing risks of COVID-19 variants during pregnancy.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Perinatal Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- The impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on perinatal health requires further investigation.
- Vertical transmission of the original SARS-CoV-2 strain is rare, but data on delta-variant transmission is limited.
Observation:
- A case of a preterm male neonate born to a mother with SARS-CoV-2 infection is presented.
- The neonate tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from birth for three weeks.
- Placental analysis revealed a high viral load and evidence of active viral replication.
Findings:
- Active replication of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant was confirmed in the placenta.
- The findings suggest a link between placental viral replication and vertical transmission.
Implications:
- This case demonstrates vertical transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant in a preterm infant.
- Highlights the potential for severe outcomes in neonates due to novel viral variants.
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