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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

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The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place,...
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Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations02:05

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

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Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
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Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

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When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
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Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

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According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
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Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Solvent flashcards: a visualisation tool for sustainable chemistry.

Joseph Heeley1, Samuel Boobier1, Jonathan D Hirst2

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.

Journal of Cheminformatics
|May 28, 2024
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This study introduces a digital tool for selecting greener solvents, enhancing green chemistry practices. The interactive software allows easy comparison of solvent "greenness," improving upon traditional paper guides.

Keywords:
CHEM21Green chemistrySolvent flashcardsSolvent selectionVisual interface

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Chemical Education

Background:

  • Traditional solvent selection guides are often paper-based, hindering efficient comparison and identification of greener alternatives.
  • The pharmaceutical industry increasingly requires sustainable practices, making greener solvent selection crucial for experimental design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a stand-alone, digital tool for visualizing and comparing solvent greenness data.
  • To provide an intuitive and interactive interface for users to select and contrast solvents based on sustainability metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of open-source software using Python, JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.
  • Integration of data from the CHEM21 solvent selection guide.
  • Creation of a user-friendly interface with color-coded flashcards for direct solvent comparison.

Main Results:

  • A functional, stand-alone software application for solvent greenness visualization.
  • An intuitive interface enabling users to customize solvent lists and generate side-by-side comparisons.
  • Successful implementation of data from the CHEM21 guide into an interactive digital format.

Conclusions:

  • The digital tool offers a significant improvement over traditional paper-based guides for solvent selection.
  • This software encourages the adoption of greener chemistry principles by simplifying the process of identifying and comparing environmentally friendly solvents.
  • The open-source, stand-alone nature of the tool maximizes its accessibility and potential impact in research and education.