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Skeletal malformation in growing milk sheep.

A Gimmel1, R Hochstrasser2, M Hilbe3

  • 1Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.

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|May 29, 2024
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Summary

High energy and low vitamin D diets in young sheep cause severe skeletal malformations. Nutritional imbalances lead to bone deformities and cartilage damage in growing lambs, impacting bone mineral density.

Keywords:
EnergiaEnergieEnergyErnährungLacauneMilchschafeSkelettfehlbildungenWachstumbrebis laitièrecrescitacroissancegrowthmalformation du squelettemalformazione scheletricamilk sheepnutritionnutrizionepecore da latteskeletal malformationÉnergie

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Nutrition
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Two Lacaune lambs presented with severe front limb skeletal malformations.
  • Clinical signs included valgus deformation without pain or swelling, despite high body weight.
  • Radiographs revealed irregularities in the metacarpal epiphyseal plates, indicating delayed lateral growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nutritional causes of severe skeletal malformations in two young Lacaune lambs.
  • To evaluate the impact of dietary imbalances on bone development and mineral density.

Main Methods:

  • Nutritional consultation to assess energy and vitamin D intake.
  • Postmortem peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of metatarsal bones.
  • Histological evaluation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal zones.

Main Results:

  • Dietary analysis revealed a 65% excess energy intake and a 71% deficit in vitamin D.
  • pQCT showed reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone mineral density (tBMD) at 10% bone length, with increased BMD at 50%.
  • Histology confirmed cartilage defects, eburnation, and disrupted columnar cartilage, with a Salter-Harris-Typ-1 fracture in one lamb's humerus.

Conclusions:

  • Excessive dietary energy intake in sheep can damage cartilage and epiphyseal growth plates.
  • Insufficient vitamin D intake contributes to poor bone mineralization, delayed growth, and skeletal malformations.
  • This case highlights the critical role of balanced nutrition in preventing developmental orthopedic diseases in lambs.