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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

From immune equilibrium to tumor ecodynamics.

Xiaoping Chen^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Oncology

|May 29, 2024

Summary

A new theory, tumor ecodynamics, quantitatively describes the tumor ecosystem and its interactions. This framework establishes novel criteria for evaluating cancer immunotherapy efficacy, moving beyond traditional metrics.

Keywords:

immune ecotherapy immune equilibrium immunodynamics immunotherapy tumor ecodynamics tumor ecological momentum tumor ecosystem

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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Oncology
Systems Biology
Immunology

Background:

The complex tumor ecosystem lacks a quantitative descriptive theory.
Current cancer immunotherapy efficacy evaluation methods are insufficient.
There's a need for advanced tumor characterization and assessment criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

Establish a novel theory for quantitative tumor ecosystem description.
Innovate tumor characterization methods.
Develop new efficacy evaluation criteria for cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

Applied reverse immunodynamics, adapting immune equilibrium theory.
Developed tumor ecodynamic equations using physics concepts like momentum.
Introduced adjusted tumor momentum equations for activity-volume equivalence.

Main Results:

Established tumor ecodynamic equations and tumor ecological momentum.
Differentiated disease progression, pseudoprogression, and hyperprogression.
Proposed new efficacy evaluation criteria (ieRECIST) for solid tumor immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

Introduced tumor ecodynamics, a theory integrating tumor activity and volume.
This new framework addresses fundamental and applied problems in tumor ecosystems.
Predicted the rise of cancer immune ecotherapy targeting the entire tumor ecosystem.