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Comparison of Heart Rate Variability in Thai Older Adults with Hypertension, Pre-Hypertension, and Normotension
Ruchada Sri-Amad1, Nawiya Huipao2, Porraporn Sriwannawit3
1Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Insights
Hypertension (HT) in older adults is linked to reduced heart rate variability (HRV) compared to normotensive individuals. Monitoring HRV offers insights into autonomic function and cardiovascular disease risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Physiology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Hypertension is a growing concern in aging populations worldwide.
- Autonomic nervous system dysfunction, reflected in heart rate variability (HRV), is associated with cardiovascular disease.
- Understanding HRV changes in different blood pressure categories is crucial for risk assessment in older adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare heart rate variability (HRV) parameters across normotensive (NT), prehypertensive (pre-HT), and hypertensive (HT) older adults.
- To investigate the relationship between blood pressure (BP) levels and HRV indices in this population.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 64 older adults categorized into NT, pre-HT, and HT groups.
- Short-term (10-minute) HRV recordings analyzed for time (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency (LF, HF, LF/HF) domain indices.
- Statistical analysis included ANOVA and Pearson correlation to assess group differences and associations.
Main Results:
- Hypertensive individuals showed significantly lower SDNN, pNN50, LF, and HF power compared to normotensive individuals (P < 0.05).
- Lower SDNN was also observed in the HT group compared to the pre-HT group (P < 0.05).
- Inverse correlations were found between systolic/diastolic BP and SDNN, pNN50, and HF power (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) indices are evident in hypertensive older adults compared to normotensive individuals.
- HRV monitoring in older adults can provide valuable insights into autonomic function.
- Assessing HRV may aid in identifying cardiovascular disease risk in the elderly.
Objectives:
This study aims to compare HRV variables across three cohorts: normotensive (NT), prehypertensive (pre-HT), and hypertensive (HT) and to assess the relationship between the blood pressure (BP) and HRV parameters.
Methods:
Employing a cross-sectional design, 64 older participants were categorized based on the Joint National Committee's criteria into NT (n = 10), pre-HT (n = 33), and HT (n = 21) groups. Anthropometric data, lipid profiles, and HRV indices were evaluated. HRV data were obtained from the Polar V800 chest strap device using HRV Kubios software for data analysis of short-term recordings lasting 10 minutes. This analysis encompasses both time and frequency domain assessments. The time domain includes the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), and the percentage of successive RR intervals differing by over 50 ms (pNN50). The frequency domain includes low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and the ratio of LF-to-HF power (LF/HF). Data were statistically analyzed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation.
Results:
The HT group exhibited significantly lower values in SDNN, pNN50, LF power, and HF power in comparison to the NT group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the HT group had a significantly lower SDNN value compared to the pre-HT group (P < 0.05). Inverse associations were uncovered between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and SDNN, pNN50, and HF power (P < 0.05). Multiple regression further highlighted the significance of systolic and pulse pressure concerning HF power (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
HRV indices are reduced in Thai older adults with HT compared with those with NT. Monitoring HRV in older adults can provide valuable insights into autonomic function and cardiovascular disease risk.
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