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Local Mechanical Modulation-Driven Evagination in Invaginated Epithelia.

Xu Yin1, Dong Liang1, Shuang-Quan He1

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Local cells drive tissue evagination through active reverse bending, crucial for organism formation. This study reveals how cell polarity shifts and mechanical forces dictate epithelial shapes and curvature transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Epithelial invagination is fundamental to organism development.
  • The physical mechanisms underlying epithelial evagination are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physical mechanisms driving epithelial evagination.
  • To explore how local mechanical modulations and cell polarity influence morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a three-dimensional vertex model.
  • Incorporation of intrinsic cell polarity into the model.
  • Application of continuum theory to analyze tissue mechanics.

Main Results:

  • Invaginated tissues can spontaneously evaginate due to shifts in apicobasal polarity.
  • Tissue shape is determined by apicobasal differential tension and internal stress.
  • A phase diagram reveals curvature transitions from ordered to disordered states.
  • Nucleus repositioning actively contributes to apicobasal force generation.

Conclusions:

  • Local cell mechanics and polarity are key drivers of epithelial evagination.
  • The findings provide a theoretical framework for understanding epithelial folding.
  • This work may guide future research on morphogenesis in various biological systems.