Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused01:20

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused

68
Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed...
68
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

224
Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
224
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

32.0K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
32.0K
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.3K
Coping Strategies: Problem Focused01:27

Coping Strategies: Problem Focused

60
Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
60
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

39.0K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
39.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Indicators for evaluating public speaking in adults: a scoping review.

CoDAS·2026
Same author

Individual, occupational, and dysphonia-related factors in operational and administrative military police officers.

CoDAS·2026
Same author

Perception of Brazilian and Portuguese teachers about the relationship between work and physical and mental health: analysis of associated individual and work-related factors.

CoDAS·2026
Same author

Self-assessment of risk of dysphagia and clinical-functional vulnerability in older adults with a history of leprosy.

CoDAS·2025
Same author

Speaking in Public Coping Scale (ECOFAP): validity evidence based on internal structure.

CoDAS·2025
Same author

FonoTCS: validation of a tool for assessing clinical reasoning in Speech-Language pathology.

CoDAS·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

9.9K

Speaking in Public Coping Scale (ECOFAP): content and response process validity evidence.

Anna Carolina Ferreira Marinho1, Adriane Mesquita de Medeiros2, Eduardo de Paula Lima3

  • 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fonoaudiológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.

Codas
|May 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The Speaking in Public Coping of Scale (ECOFAP) pilot version was validated for content and response processes. The scale effectively represents coping strategies for public speaking anxiety.

More Related Videos

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

7.9K
Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

9.9K
Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

7.9K
Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Educational Measurement

Background:

  • Public speaking anxiety is a common challenge impacting performance.
  • Coping strategies are crucial for managing this anxiety.
  • The Motivational Theory of Coping (MTC) provides a framework for understanding these strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish content and response process validity evidence for the Speaking in Public Coping of Scale (ECOFAP).
  • To refine the ECOFAP instrument for accurate measurement of public speaking coping mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • A methodological study employing theoretical, empirical, and analytical procedures based on Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (SEPT).
  • Content validity was assessed through expert review and item content validity index (CVI).
  • Response process validity involved qualitative analysis of participant verbal and nonverbal reactions.

Main Results:

  • The scale underwent iterative refinement, starting with 46 items, expanding to 60, then reduced to 42 items based on expert evaluation.
  • Further adjustments based on response process analysis led to the final pilot version comprising 48 items.
  • Item analysis confirmed well-structured semantics and syntax for the final ECOFAP items.

Conclusions:

  • The pilot version of ECOFAP demonstrates strong content and response process validity.
  • The scale is a reliable tool for assessing coping strategies employed during public speaking.
  • ECOFAP provides a scientifically sound measure for research and clinical applications in public speaking anxiety.