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The Associations Among Observers' Openness to Experience and Agreeableness With Social Distance: The Moderating Role
Shay Ohayon1, Gil Goldzweig2, Noa Vilchinsky1
1Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
|May 29, 2024
Summary
Observer personality traits influence social distance towards individuals with disabilities. Agreeableness specifically impacts perceptions of those with physical disabilities, highlighting the importance of disability type in social interactions.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Disability Studies
- Personality Psychology
Background:
- Existing research extensively covers personality and stigma, yet overlooks the influence of disability type.
- The interplay between observer personality traits and social distance towards individuals with disabilities requires further investigation.
- Understanding moderating factors, such as disability type, is crucial for addressing social distance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if disability type (psychiatric vs. physical) moderates the relationship between observer personality traits (openness, agreeableness) and social distance.
- To examine the main effects of openness and agreeableness on social distance towards individuals with disabilities.
Main Methods:
- 139 participants were randomly assigned to evaluate vignettes depicting individuals with physical disability, psychiatric disability, or a control.
- Participants completed a social distance questionnaire.
- Statistical analyses were performed to identify main and interaction effects of personality traits and disability type.
Main Results:
- A significant main effect of openness to experience on social distance was observed.
- An interaction effect between agreeableness and disability type was found.
- The relationship between agreeableness and social distance was significant only for the physical disability condition.
Conclusions:
- Observer personality traits play a significant role in shaping social distance towards individuals with disabilities.
- The type of disability acts as a moderator, influencing how personality traits relate to social distance.
- These findings underscore the need to consider both personality and disability type in interventions aimed at reducing social distance.
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