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Graphene-Enhanced UV-C LEDs.

Johanna Meier1, Hehe Zhang1, Umut Kaya1

  • 1Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstraße 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 29, 2024
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Summary

Graphene integration enhances ultraviolet-C light-emitting diodes (UV-C LEDs) for sterilization and water purification. This breakthrough improves efficiency in both flip-chip and standard UV-C LED designs.

Keywords:
2D materialsAlGaNgraphenelight‐emitting diodesuv‐c

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Area of Science:

  • Semiconductor Physics
  • Optoelectronics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ultraviolet-C light-emitting diodes (UV-C LEDs) offer a mercury-free alternative for sterilization and water purification.
  • Current UV-C LED designs face challenges including work function mismatches in flip-chip configurations and the lack of transparent current-spreading layers in standard geometries, limiting efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of transfer-free graphene as an enabling material for high-efficiency UV-C LEDs.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of graphene in both flip-chip and standard UV-C LED architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Graphene was directly grown on p-AlGaN layers using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).
  • The performance of UV-C LEDs incorporating graphene was evaluated in both flip-chip and standard device geometries.

Main Results:

  • In flip-chip UV-C LEDs, graphene as a contact interlayer achieved an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.5% and a wall-plug efficiency (WPE) of 5.5% at 8 V.
  • Graphene combined with NiOx reduced the turn-on voltage to below 5 V.
  • In standard geometry, graphene served as a current-spreading layer, enabling top-emitting devices with an EQE of 2.1% and a WPE of 1.1% at 8.7 V.

Conclusions:

  • Transfer-free graphene is a viable solution for overcoming efficiency limitations in UV-C LEDs.
  • Graphene integration significantly enhances the performance of UV-C LEDs in both flip-chip and standard configurations, paving the way for broader applications.