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Do Children with Co-Occurring ADHD and DCD Differ in Motor Performance?

Juliana Barbosa Goulardins1, Roseane Oliveira Nascimento2, Erasmo Barbante Casella3

  • 1Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Púbica, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|May 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and co-occurring Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) show poorer motor skills, especially in fine motor tasks and balance, compared to those with ADHD alone.

Keywords:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderchild developmentdevelopmental coordination disordermotor performance

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) involves inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
  • Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterized by difficulties in motor skill acquisition and execution.
  • Understanding motor differences in ADHD and co-occurring DCD is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate motor symptoms between children with ADHD and those with comorbid ADHD and DCD.
  • To investigate the impact of DCD on the motor performance of children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To assess the prevalence of motor development delays in these pediatric groups.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 283 elementary school children.
  • Screening for ADHD and identification of 27 participants.
  • Utilized Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV Questionnaire (SNAP-IV), Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2), and Motor Development Scale (MDS).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in general motor age means between ADHD (n=14) and ADHD/DCD (n=13) groups (p=0.016).
  • The ADHD/DCD group exhibited inferior motor performance, particularly in fine motor skills (p=0.018) and balance (p=0.033).
  • Both groups showed mild to moderate risk for motor development delay, suggesting ADHD alone is linked to motor issues.

Conclusions:

  • Co-occurrence of DCD significantly impairs motor performance in children with ADHD.
  • Fine motor skills and balance are particularly affected by comorbid DCD.
  • ADHD is associated with motor challenges, irrespective of DCD, highlighting the need for comprehensive motor assessments.