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Author Spotlight: Investigating Early Events and Long-Term Effects of ACL Injuries for Osteoarthritis Progression

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Comprehensive Clinical Examination of ACL Injuries.

David E Kantrowitz¹, Alexis Colvin¹

¹Department of Orthopedics, The Mount Sinai Hospital, 5 E 98th Street, 9th floor, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Clinics in Sports Medicine

|May 29, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A thorough knee examination is crucial for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Specific tests like the Lachman and pivot shift are highly accurate for identifying ACL pathology and associated knee injuries.

Keywords:

ACL Anterolateral instability Knee exam Lachman Pivot-shift

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Sports Medicine
Knee Biomechanics

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, often requiring accurate clinical diagnosis.
Concurrent injuries to other knee structures frequently accompany ACL tears.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline a systematic approach for the clinical examination of an ACL-deficient knee.
To highlight key diagnostic tests for ACL pathology and associated injuries.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive clinical examination protocol is described.
Includes inspection, palpation, range of motion, stress tests (varus/valgus), neurovascular assessment, and provocative maneuvers.
Specific tests mentioned include Lachman, anterior drawer, Lever, and pivot shift tests.

Main Results:

The Lachman, anterior drawer, Lever, and pivot shift tests demonstrate >90% specificity for ACL pathology.
Emphasizes the importance of provocative maneuvers to assess associated injuries.

Conclusions:

A systematic clinical examination is essential for diagnosing ACL deficiency.
Thorough evaluation, including specific provocative tests, is critical for identifying concomitant injuries to ligaments and menisci.