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A contact binary satellite of the asteroid (152830) Dinkinesh

A contact binary satellite of the asteroid (152830) Dinkinesh

Harold F Levison ¹, Simone Marchi ², Keith S Noll ³, John R Spencer ², Thomas S Statler ⁴, James F Bell ⁵, Edward B Bierhaus ⁶, Richard Binzel ⁷, William F Bottke ², Daniel Britt ⁸, Michael E Brown ⁹, Marc W Buie ², Philip R Christensen ⁵, Neil Dello Russo ¹⁰, Joshua P Emery ¹¹, William M Grundy ^11,12, Matthias Hahn ¹³, Victoria E Hamilton ², Carly Howett ¹⁴, Hannah Kaplan ³, Katherine Kretke ², Tod R Lauer ¹⁵, Claudia Manzoni ¹⁶, Raphael Marschall ¹⁷, Audrey C Martin ⁸, Brian H May ¹⁶, Stefano Mottola ¹⁸, Catherine B Olkin ¹⁹, Martin Pätzold ¹³, Joel Wm Parker ², Simon Porter ², Frank Preusker ¹⁸, Silvia Protopapa ², Dennis C Reuter ³, Stuart J Robbins ², Julien Salmon ², Amy A Simon ³, S Alan Stern ², Jessica M Sunshine ²⁰, Ian Wong ^3,21, Harold A Weaver ¹⁰, Coralie Adam ²², Shanti Ancheta ⁶, John Andrews ², Saadat Anwar ⁵, Olivier S Barnouin ¹⁰, Matthew Beasley ², Kevin E Berry ³, Emma Birath ², Bryce Bolin ³, Mark Booco ⁶, Rich Burns ³, Pam Campbell ⁶, Russell Carpenter ³, Katherine Crombie ²³, Mark Effertz ⁶, Emily Eifert ⁶, Caroline Ellis ⁶, Preston Faiks ⁶, Joel Fischetti ²², Paul Fleming ²⁴, Kristen Francis ⁶, Ray Franco ⁶, Sandy Freund ⁶, Claire Gallagher ⁶, Jeroen Geeraert ²², Caden Gobat ², Donovan Gorgas ⁶, Chris Granat ⁶, Sheila Gray ⁶, Patrick Haas ⁶, Ann Harch ²⁵, Katie Hegedus ⁶, Chris Isabelle ⁶, Bill Jackson ⁶, Taylor Jacob ⁶, Sherry Jennings ²⁶, David Kaufmann ², Brian A Keeney ², Thomas Kennedy ⁶, Karl Lauffer ²⁷, Erik Lessac-Chenen ²², Rob Leonard ²⁸, Andrew Levine ²², Allen Lunsford ²¹, Tim Martin ⁶, Jim McAdams ²², Greg Mehall ⁵, Trevor Merkley ⁶, Graham Miller ⁶, Matthew Montanaro ²⁹, Anna Montgomery ²², Graham Murphy ¹⁰, Maxwell Myers ²², Derek S Nelson ²², Adriana Ocampo ⁴, Ryan Olds ⁶, John Y Pelgrift ²², Trevor Perkins ⁶, Jon Pineau ³⁰, Devin Poland ³, Vaishnavi Ramanan ²², Debi Rose ², Eric Sahr ²², Owen Short ²⁸, Ishita Solanki ², Dale Stanbridge ²², Brian Sutter ⁶, Zachary Talpas ², Howard Taylor ¹⁰, Bo Treiu ⁴, Nate Vermeer ⁶, Michael Vincent ², Mike Wallace ³¹, Gerald Weigle ³¹, Daniel R Wibben ²², Zach Wiens ², John P Wilson ¹⁰, Yifan Zhao ⁵

Harold F Levison ¹, Simone Marchi ², Keith S Noll ³

¹Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA. hal.levison@swri.org.
²Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA.
³NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
⁴NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA.
⁵Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
⁶Lockheed Martin Space, Littleton, CO, USA.
⁷Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁸University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
⁹California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
¹⁰Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA.
¹¹Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
¹²Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
¹³Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany.
¹⁴University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹⁵NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Tucson, AZ, USA.
¹⁶London Stereoscopic Company, London, UK.
¹⁷CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire J.-L. Lagrange, Nice, France.
¹⁸DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany.
¹⁹Muon Space, Mountain View, CA, USA.
²⁰University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
²¹American University, Washington, DC, USA.
²²KinetX Space Navigation and Flight Dynamics Practice, Simi Valley, CA, USA.
²³Indigo Information Services, Tucson, AZ, USA.
²⁴Red Canyon Software, Denver, CO, USA.
²⁵Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
²⁶Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA.
²⁷Lauffer Space Engineering, Littleton, CO, USA.
²⁸Teton Cyber Technology, Littleton, CO, USA.
²⁹Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.
³⁰Stellar Solutions, Denver, CO, USA.
³¹Big Head Endian, Burden, KS, USA.

⁰Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA. hal.levison@swri.org.

Nature +

|

May 29, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Small asteroids like Dinkinesh experience significant changes due to radiative torques (YORP effect). Observations reveal Dinkinesh has a complex structure and a unique satellite, Selam, likely formed from ejected material.

Area Of Science

Planetary Science
Asteroid Research
Spacecraft Observation

Background

Small asteroids (<5 km) exhibit complex evolutionary histories.
The Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect significantly influences small asteroid dynamics.
(152830) Dinkinesh is an S-type asteroid in the inner main belt.

Purpose Of The Study

To investigate the complex nature of small asteroid (152830) Dinkinesh.
To characterize the surface features and satellite of Dinkinesh.
To understand the formation mechanism of Dinkinesh's satellite, Selam.

Main Methods

Close-proximity flyby observations by the Lucy spacecraft.
Analysis of geomorphologic features and orbital dynamics.
Assessment of the system's angular momentum and tidal locking.

Main Results

Dinkinesh (720 m diameter) displays a prominent longitudinal trough and equatorial ridge.
Discovery of the first confirmed contact binary asteroid satellite, (152830) Dinkinesh I Selam.
Selam (210 m and 230 m lobes) orbits Dinkinesh with a 52.7 h period and is tidally locked.

Conclusions

Dinkinesh's features likely resulted from mass shedding due to YORP spin-up, followed by reaccretion.
Selam likely formed from material ejected during Dinkinesh's mass-shedding event.
The YORP effect is a critical factor in the evolution and satellite formation of small asteroids.

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