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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

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Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

1.3K
Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:22

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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The Post-COVID-19 Haul on Pulmonary Function: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Nitish M S1, Revadi G2, Ananyan Sampath3

  • 1Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND.

Cureus
|May 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Long COVID symptoms, including breathlessness, affect many survivors, particularly females and those with severe initial illness. Pulmonary function abnormalities are common, indicating lasting respiratory impact post-COVID-19.

Keywords:
coronaviruscovid-19long covid syndromepost-acute covid-19 syndromepulmonary function testrespiratory function tests

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Long COVID syndrome presents persistent respiratory symptoms like dyspnea and fatigue post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Risk factors may include female sex and age group 40-50, with symptoms independent of initial COVID-19 severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Long COVID symptoms.
  • To identify associations between Long COVID, initial COVID-19 severity, and pulmonary function.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective longitudinal study of COVID-19 survivors (aged ≥18) in Central India (May 2020-Sept 2021).
  • Data collected via telephonic monitoring and outpatient visits.
  • Statistical analysis performed using R software 4.2.1.

Main Results:

  • Majority had moderate COVID-19 (47.5%); males were more affected (64.8%).
  • Diabetes (27.1%) and hypertension (22.9%) were common comorbidities.
  • Breathlessness was a prevalent Long COVID symptom, with higher association in females. Pulmonary function abnormalities linked to Long COVID and severe COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent sequelae of COVID-19 are a significant concern, with a majority experiencing Long COVID symptoms.
  • Severe initial illness is associated with increased Long COVID symptoms and abnormal lung function, particularly restrictive patterns.