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The Post-COVID-19 Haul on Pulmonary Function: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
Nitish M S1, Revadi G2, Ananyan Sampath3
1Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND.
Cureus
|May 30, 2024
Summary
Long COVID symptoms, including breathlessness, affect many survivors, particularly females and those with severe initial illness. Pulmonary function abnormalities are common, indicating lasting respiratory impact post-COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
- Public Health
Background:
- Long COVID syndrome presents persistent respiratory symptoms like dyspnea and fatigue post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Risk factors may include female sex and age group 40-50, with symptoms independent of initial COVID-19 severity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Long COVID symptoms.
- To identify associations between Long COVID, initial COVID-19 severity, and pulmonary function.
Main Methods:
- Prospective longitudinal study of COVID-19 survivors (aged ≥18) in Central India (May 2020-Sept 2021).
- Data collected via telephonic monitoring and outpatient visits.
- Statistical analysis performed using R software 4.2.1.
Main Results:
- Majority had moderate COVID-19 (47.5%); males were more affected (64.8%).
- Diabetes (27.1%) and hypertension (22.9%) were common comorbidities.
- Breathlessness was a prevalent Long COVID symptom, with higher association in females. Pulmonary function abnormalities linked to Long COVID and severe COVID-19.
Conclusions:
- Persistent sequelae of COVID-19 are a significant concern, with a majority experiencing Long COVID symptoms.
- Severe initial illness is associated with increased Long COVID symptoms and abnormal lung function, particularly restrictive patterns.
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