PYCARD gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to periodontal and coronary heart diseases

Numerous studies have established a link between gene variants within the inflammasome complex and the incidence of periodontitis and cardiovascular illness across various ethnic groups. This study investigated the association between PYCARD gene polymorphism and susceptibility to periodontal disease and coronary heart disease (CHD) and their correlation with clinical periodontal indices. A total of 120 participants were enrolled, categorized into four groups: 30 healthy controls (C), 30 patients with generalized periodontitis (P), 30 patients with atherosclerotic CHD but clinically healthy periodontium (AS-C), and 30 patients with both atherosclerotic CHD and generalized periodontitis (AS-P). We recorded demographic data, collected blood samples, and measured periodontal indices, including plaque index, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, and pocket depth. The genomic variant of the PYCARD gene was analyzed using a conventional polymerase reaction. A significant prevalence of T and G allele mutations and a higher distribution of CT and TT genotypes in PYCARD C/T (rs8056505) and the AG genotype in PYCARD A/G (rs372507365) were observed in groups P, AS-P, and AS-C. These single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also positively correlated with the severity of clinical periodontitis indices. Our findings suggest that the increased frequency of T and G alleles and the distribution of CT, TT, and AG genotypes in PYCARD SNPs are significantly associated with an elevated risk for periodontal disease and CHD. These SNPs may participate in the pathogenesis of these conditions. The study reinforces the potential role of these genetic markers as risk factors for both diseases in the Iraqi population.