The role of PALLD-STAT3 interaction in megakaryocyte differentiation and thrombocytopenia treatment

Impaired differentiation of megakaryocytes constitutes the principal etiology of thrombocytopenia. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a crucial transcription factor in regulating megakaryocyte differentiation, however the precise mechanism of its activation remains unclear. PALLD, an actin-associated protein, has been increasingly recognized for its essential functions in multiple biological processes. This study revealed that megakaryocyte/platelet-specific knockout of Palld in mice exhibited thrombocytopenia due to diminished platelet biogenesis. In megakaryocytes, PALLD deficiency led to impaired proplatelet formation and polyploidization, ultimately weakening their differentiation for platelet production. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PALLD bound to STAT3 and interacted with its DNA-binding domain and Src homology 2 domain via immunoglobulin domain 3. Moreover, the absence of PALLD attenuated STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation and impeded STAT3 nuclear translocation. Based on the PALLD-STAT3 binding sequence, we designed a peptide C-P3, which can facilitate megakaryocyte differentiation and accelerate platelet production in vivo. In conclusion, this study highlights the pivotal role of PALLD in megakaryocyte differentiation and proposes a novel approach for treating thrombocytopenia by targeting the PALLD-STAT3 interaction.