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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Monitoring Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Rats with a Preclinical Focused Ultrasound System
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Published on: September 13, 2024

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Non-Invasive Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Using Acoustic Holography With a Clinical Focused Ultrasound System.

Nathan McDannold, Yongzhi Zhang, Stecia-Marie Fletcher

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |May 30, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    Holographic ultrasound methods can shape acoustic fields for blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. This technique enhances drug delivery by enlarging focal volumes and improving disruption homogeneity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Acoustics
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Phased array transducers enable ultrasound field manipulation.
    • Ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a key technique for targeted drug delivery.
    • Current methods for BBB disruption may require multiple sonication targets and can face challenges with focal volume control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a simple holographic method for shaping ultrasound fields using a phased array transducer.
    • To explore the benefits of this holographic approach for ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption.
    • To assess the potential of holographic ultrasound to mitigate secondary skull reflections during transcranial sonication.

    Main Methods:

    • A hemispherical 1024-element phased array transducer was used to create acoustic holograms.
    • Individual acoustic simulations for each transducer element were performed and loaded into memory.
    • Element phases were modulated to match a desired acoustic field pattern.
    • The method was validated in a tissue-mimicking phantom and in vivo in rats and macaques for BBB disruption.
    • Simulations were conducted to evaluate transcranial focusing and mitigation of secondary reflections.

    Main Results:

    • The holographic method successfully shaped the ultrasound field.
    • In vivo experiments demonstrated effective blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in rats and macaques.
    • The approach allows for patient-specific enlargement of the focal volume.
    • Potential for reduced sonication targets, improved disruption homogeneity, and enhanced microbubble detection in low-vascular-density tissues.
    • Simulations indicated the potential to mitigate secondary skull reflections.

    Conclusions:

    • Holographic ultrasound offers a promising method for precise control of acoustic fields.
    • This technique can enhance the efficacy and efficiency of ultrasound-mediated BBB disruption for drug delivery.
    • The ability to enlarge focal volumes and mitigate reflections holds significant potential for clinical applications of transcranial sonication.