Overcoming clozapine's adverse events: a narrative review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

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Published on: April 23, 2014
Timothy Tanzer1,2,3, Betty Pham4, Nicola Warren2,5
1Princess Alexandra Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Brisbane, Australia.
Introduction:
Clozapine is the gold standard treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, however adverse events remain a clinical challenge.
Areas Covered:
This review presents a narrative synthesis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that have reported the onset, incidence, prevalence, and management of clozapine's adverse events. We conducted a systematic literature search using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, OvidMEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to April 2024.
Expert Opinion:
Effective management of clozapine's adverse events necessitates multi-faceted, individualized, and shared-decision strategies. Despite a lack of high-quality systematic evidence, expert inter-disciplinary solutions are provided to help address a critical need for clinical guidance. This 35-year update offers an evidence-based framework to assist clinicians, patients, and caregivers navigate the adverse events associated with clozapine therapy.
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