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Correlation between Matrix Metalloproteinase Presence and Caries Surface Appearance.

Lamis El Sharkasi1, Lynne Bingle1, Nicolas Martin1

  • 1School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) increase significantly with advanced dental caries (ICDAS 4-6). This study correlates MMP2 and MMP9 expression with caries severity in primary teeth, supporting minimally invasive treatment approaches.

Keywords:
CariesCollagenInternational Caries Detection and Assessment SystemMMP2MMP9Matrix metalloproteinase

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Dental Research
  • Immunohistochemistry

Background:

  • Cariogenic acids demineralize tooth structure, exposing dentin matrix.
  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key regulators of extracellular matrix turnover and collagen degradation in caries progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in primary human teeth at various caries stages.
  • To correlate MMP expression with caries severity diagnosed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS).

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MMP2 and MMP9 expression in 24 extracted teeth.
  • Teeth were clinically diagnosed using ICDAS and stained with anti-MMP antibodies.
  • Collagen degradation was assessed via hydroxyproline assay; images analyzed using ImageJ.

Main Results:

  • MMP expression was low in early caries (ICDAS 1-3) but significantly increased in advanced caries (ICDAS 4-6).
  • A strong positive correlation was found between ICDAS scores and MMP2 (r=0.86) and MMP9 (r=0.82) expression.
  • Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in MMP levels across caries severity.

Conclusions:

  • ICDAS effectively assesses caries severity and correlates with MMP presence.
  • Findings support the minimally invasive concept in modern caries management by understanding MMP involvement.