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Light exposure profiles differ between myopes and non-myopes outside school hours.

Rohit Dhakal1,2, John G Lawrenson2, Byki Huntjens2

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Summary

Indian children who were not myopic spent more time outdoors and had higher light exposure during school transition times compared to myopic children. This suggests light exposure may play a role in myopia control.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyOptics and Refraction

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Myopia prevalence is increasing globally, with genetic and environmental factors contributing to its development.
  • Light exposure, particularly time spent outdoors, is hypothesized to be a protective factor against myopia.
  • Socioeconomic, lifestyle, and environmental variations across ethnicities may influence myopia development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively investigate light exposure patterns in Indian school children, considering ethnic and environmental variations.
  • To compare light exposure profiles between myopic and non-myopic children.
  • To analyze light exposure during different times of the school day, including transition periods.

Main Methods:

  • A validated wearable light tracker was used to record the light exposure profile of 143 Indian school children (9-15 years, 50 myopes) for six continuous days.
  • Illuminance exposure levels, time spent outdoors, and outdoor epochs were compared between myopes and non-myopes.
  • Analysis included school days (before school, school, after school; class, break, transition) and non-school days.

Main Results:

  • Overall median daily illuminance exposure was 807 lux/day, with 46 minutes spent outdoors and 9 outdoor epochs (≥1000 lux).
  • Non-myopic children showed significantly higher daily illuminance exposure on non-school days compared to myopic children.
  • During school transition times, non-myopic children had significantly higher illuminance exposure, spent more time outdoors, and had more outdoor epochs than myopic children.

Conclusions:

  • A significant difference in light exposure, time outdoors, and outdoor epochs was observed between myopic and non-myopic children during school transition times.
  • These findings suggest that light exposure, particularly during transition periods, may be a relevant factor in myopia control strategies for Indian school children.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and implications of light exposure on myopia development and progression in diverse populations.