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Catalytic physiological amyloids.

Elad Arad1, Raz Jelinek2

  • 1Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, United States.

Methods in Enzymology
|May 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Physiological amyloid fibrils, not just synthetic ones, can catalyze chemical reactions. This review covers methods for studying native amyloid catalysis, including kinetics, structure-function, active sites, and mechanisms.

Keywords:
Amyloid diseasesAmyloid fibrilsAntibiotic resistanceBeta-lactamsCatalytic amyloidsPara-nitrophenol

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Amyloid fibrils are implicated in diseases but also exist in normal physiology.
  • Amyloid fibrils are increasingly recognized for their catalytic capabilities.
  • Research has primarily focused on synthetic amyloid-like peptides for catalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methodologies for studying physiological catalytic amyloids.
  • To highlight experimental aspects of native amyloid catalysis.
  • To discuss structure-function relationships and catalytic mechanisms of physiological amyloids.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of kinetic parameters for amyloid fibril catalysis.
  • Structure-function relationship studies.
  • Characterization of catalytic active sites.
  • Deciphering catalytic mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Native amyloid fibrils exhibit catalytic activity.
  • Kinetic parameters can be analyzed to understand catalytic efficiency.
  • Structure-function insights are crucial for understanding catalysis.
  • Active site characterization and mechanistic studies are key.

Conclusions:

  • Physiological amyloids are catalytically active, expanding their known roles.
  • Understanding native amyloid catalysis requires integrated experimental approaches.
  • This field holds potential for novel applications in biocatalysis.