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COVID-19 and cardiac complications: Myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Muhammed Güneş1, Öner Özdemir2
1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Research and Training Hospital of Sakarya, Adapazarı 54100, Sakarya, Türkiye.
Insights
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This review evaluates cardiac complications in children with COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Cardiology
Background:
- A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019, leading to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
- Initially, children infected with SARS-CoV-2 were often asymptomatic or mildly affected.
- However, reports emerged of a severe hyperinflammatory condition in children, termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and evaluate the cardiac involvement in children diagnosed with COVID-19.
- To synthesize current literature on cardiac complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric populations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies reporting on COVID-19 and its impact on children's cardiac health.
- Analysis of case reports and clinical studies detailing cardiac manifestations in pediatric COVID-19 cases, including MIS-C.
Main Results:
- Children with COVID-19 can develop MIS-C, presenting with symptoms similar to Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome.
- Cardiac complications, including myocarditis and coronary artery abnormalities, have been reported in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C.
- These cardiac issues represent a significant concern in the pediatric population affected by the pandemic.
Conclusions:
- Cardiac involvement is a critical aspect of COVID-19 in children, particularly those with MIS-C.
- Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term cardiac sequelae in children post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Awareness and monitoring of cardiac complications are essential for managing pediatric COVID-19 cases.
Abstract:
Coronavirus is an important pathogen causing disease in humans and animals. At the end of 2019, an investigation into an increase in pneumonia cases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, found that the cause was a new coronavirus. This disease, which spread rapidly across China and caused an outbreak worldwide, resulted in a pandemic. Although this virus has previously been referred to as 2019-nCoV, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), later it was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Children were usually asymptomatic and rarely severely affected. In April 2020, reports from the United Kingdom indicated that children may have Kawasaki disease or a clinical condition similar to toxic shock syndrome. This clinical picture was later defined as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Since then, similarly affected children as well as cases with other cardiac complications have been reported in other parts of the world. In this review, we aimed to evaluate COVID-19 in terms of cardiac involvement by reviewing the literature.
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