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Pathways linking greenspace to behavioural problems in Polish children.

Nitika Singh1,2, Dorota Buczyłowska1, Clemens Baumbach1,3

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Greenspace, particularly trees and gardens, indirectly improves children's behavior by fostering physical activity and social connections. This study explored these links in Polish children, highlighting pathways to better behavioral outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Psychology
  • Child Development
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous studies suggest a link between greenspace and improved child behavior.
  • Mechanisms underlying this association require further investigation.
  • This study focuses on Polish children to explore these relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between greenspace availability and behavioral problems in Polish children.
  • To investigate potential mediating mechanisms, including greenspace perception, social cohesion, and physical activity.
  • To explore these associations in the context of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the case-control NeuroSmog study (N=679, ages 10-13).
  • Assessed behavioral problems (internalizing, externalizing, total) using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL).
  • Employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze pathways between greenspace metrics (tree/grass cover, garden presence) and behavioral outcomes, considering mediators.

Main Results:

  • Tree cover was linked to increased physical activity, which in turn reduced internalizing and total behavioral problems.
  • Tree cover and garden presence positively influenced greenspace perception, enhancing neighborhood social cohesion, leading to fewer behavioral problems.
  • Associations varied by sex and ADHD status, with some pathways not significant in children without ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Trees and gardens, not grass, are associated with fewer behavioral problems in children through enhanced greenspace perception, social cohesion, and physical activity.
  • These findings underscore the indirect benefits of accessible urban nature for child mental well-being.
  • Interventions promoting greenspace access may positively impact children's behavior and development.