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Related Concept Videos

Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.
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Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Mycorrhizal Maps as a Tool to Explore Colonization Patterns and Fungal Strategies in the Roots of Festuca rubra and Zea mays
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Mycorrhizal Maps as a Tool to Explore Colonization Patterns and Fungal Strategies in the Roots of Festuca rubra and Zea mays

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Adaptive colonization across a parasitism-mutualism gradient.

Alexandre Mestre1, Roger K Butlin2,3, Joaquín Hortal4,5,6

  • 1Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain.

Evolution Letters
|May 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adaptive colonization models now include symbionts. Co-introduced hosts and symbionts adapt to new environments, influencing outcomes like parasite-driven co-extinction or mutualistic facilitation.

Keywords:
dispersaleco-evolutionary dynamicsevolutionary rescuehost–symbiont interactionslocal adaptationsink population

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Biology

Background:

  • Adaptive colonization is crucial for species establishment in new environments.
  • Previous models focused on single-species introductions, neglecting frequent host-symbiont co-introductions.
  • Symbiont-host interactions can significantly impact colonization success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate adaptive colonization dynamics of hosts and their symbionts.
  • To model host-symbiont co-evolution across a parasite-mutualist spectrum.
  • To classify and analyze shifts in colonization outcomes driven by symbiont-host interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an individual-based model for host and symbiont adaptive colonization.
  • Classification of interaction outcomes into parasite-driven co-extinction, parasite release, and mutualistic facilitation.
  • Analysis of factors influencing outcome shifts, including symbiont transmissibility, host migration, and selection strength.

Main Results:

  • Identified three main types of colonization outcome shifts driven by symbiont-host interactions.
  • Demonstrated that symbiont transmissibility, host migration, and selection strength determine the likelihood and magnitude of these shifts.
  • Highlighted the critical role of dispersal scales for both hosts and symbionts.

Conclusions:

  • Host and symbiont co-adaptation is essential for successful colonization in novel environments.
  • Symbiont-host interactions can dramatically alter colonization success, ranging from extinction to facilitation.
  • Dispersal abilities of both partners are key determinants of interaction outcomes in adaptive colonization.