Reversible Fusion-Fission MXene Fiber-Based Microelectrodes for Target-Specific Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative...

Inaccurate or cumbersome clinical pathogen diagnosis between Gram-positive bacteria (G⁺) and Gram-negative (G^-) bacteria lead to delayed clinical therapeutic interventions. Microelectrode-based electrochemical sensors exhibit the significant advantages of rapid response and minimal sample consumption, but the loading capacity and discrimination precision are weak. Herein, we develop reversible fusion-fission MXene-based fiber microelectrodes for G⁺/G^- bacteria analysis. During the fissuring process, the spatial utilization, loading capacity, sensitivity, and selectivity of microelectrodes were maximized, and polymyxin B and vancomycin were assembled for G⁺/G^- identification. The surface-tension-driven reversible fusion facilitated its reusability. A deep learning model was further applied for the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) identification in diverse ratio concentrations of G⁺ and G^- of (1:100-100:1) with higher accuracy (>93%) and gave predictable detection results for unknown samples. Meanwhile, the as-proposed sensing platform reached higher sensitivity toward E. coli (24.3 CFU/mL) and S. aureus (37.2 CFU/mL) in 20 min. The as-proposed platform provides valuable insights for bacterium discrimination and quantification.