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Allyl radicals are three-carbon conjugated systems. They are readily formed as intermediates in halogenation reactions of alkenes involving the addition of halogen to the allylic carbon instead of the double bond. As seen in allyl cations and anions, each of the three sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in allyl radicals has an unhybridized p orbital. These orbitals combine to give three π molecular orbitals.
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A Stable Aluminum Tris(dithiolene) Triradical.

Phuong M Tran1, Yuzhong Wang1, Boris Dzikovski2

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Researchers synthesized a stable aluminum tris(dithiolene) triradical. This novel compound exhibits a quartet ground state with a small energy gap to a doublet state, confirmed by EPR and magnetometry.

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Dithiolene complexes are known for their rich redox properties.
  • Stable organic radicals are of interest for molecular magnetism and spintronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel aluminum dithiolene radical complex.
  • To investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of the resulting triradical.

Main Methods:

  • Low-temperature synthesis.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • UV-vis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
  • SQUID magnetometry.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations.

Main Results:

  • A stable aluminum tris(dithiolene) triradical (compound 3) was successfully synthesized.
  • The quartet ground state was confirmed by variable-temperature continuous wave EPR and SQUID magnetometry.
  • A small doublet-quartet energy gap (ΔE_DQ ≈ 0.14–0.18 kcal mol⁻¹) was determined.
  • Pulsed EPR provided evidence for radical-aluminum nucleus interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental realization of a stable aluminum tris(dithiolene) triradical.
  • The compound exhibits a quartet ground state with significant spin density delocalization.
  • This work opens avenues for exploring aluminum-based radical systems in molecular magnetism.