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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Establishing an Accurate Microhardness Testing Protocol for Craniofacial Tissues

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Extrafibrillar demineralization: Yes or no?

Qingli Zhou¹, Yuzhu Li¹, Ting Xiao²

¹Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixilu Rd., Hefei 230032, China; Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials

|May 31, 2024

Summary

Extrafibrillar demineralization is not a reliable strategy for resin-dentin bonding. Complete demineralization requires sufficient interaction time, and chelators do not ensure reliable bonding with short contact.

Keywords:

Bonding Chelation Dentin Extrafibrillar demineralization

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Assessment of Calcium Sparks in Intact Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Assessment of Calcium Sparks in Intact Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Published on: February 24, 2014

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Dental Materials Science
Adhesion Science

Background:

Resin-dentin bonding durability is crucial for dental restorations.
Extrafibrillar demineralization is proposed to enhance bonding interfaces.
The theoretical basis of extrafibrillar demineralization contradicts hydroxyapatite dissolution equilibrium.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the demineralization mechanism of dentin using calcium chelators.
To evaluate the effect of dentin demineralization by chelators on resin-dentin adhesion.
To explore the feasibility of extrafibrillar demineralization as a bonding strategy.

Main Methods:

Prepared polyethyleneimine grafted with EDTA and polyacrylic acid sodium (PAAN) of different molecular weights (PAAN450k, PAAN3k) as dentin conditioners.
Evaluated demineralization using SEM, TEM, XPS, AFM, and hydroxyproline quantification.
Assessed resin-dentin bonding using micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) tests and failure mode analysis under wet and dry conditions.

Main Results:

Demineralization was observed even without direct contact between PAAN450k and dentin powder.
Extrafibrillar demineralization could not be induced by any chelator irrespective of molecular weight.
Complete demineralization (extrafibrillar and intrafibrillar) occurred with sufficient interaction time.
Chelators did not provide reliable dentin bonding under short interaction times.

Conclusions:

Extrafibrillar demineralization is theoretically and practically unreliable for resin-dentin bonding.
The findings necessitate the exploration of alternative strategies for improving bonding durability.
Dentin demineralization requires careful consideration of interaction time and chelator properties.