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Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease Affects Fast But Not Slow Adaptive Processes in Motor Learning.

Katrin Sutter1, Leonie Oostwoud Wijdenes1, Robert J van Beers1,2

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 GD, The Netherlands.

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|May 31, 2024
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Summary

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs the fast, declarative component of motor adaptation, but spares the slow, nondeclarative process. This supports errorless learning strategies for individuals with dementia.

Keywords:
declarative memorydual-rate learningforce-field adaptationhierarchical Bayesian modelingreaching

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily affects declarative memory, sparing nondeclarative memory.
  • Motor adaptation is increasingly understood to involve both fast (declarative) and slow (nondeclarative) processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the fast, declarative component of motor adaptation is impaired in early-stage Alzheimer's disease.
  • To determine if the slow, nondeclarative component remains intact in AD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A reach adaptation paradigm was used with 20 early-stage AD patients and 21 controls.
  • Adaptation was measured using error clamps and analyzed with a hierarchical Bayesian two-state model.
  • Key parameters analyzed included learning and retention rates for fast and slow processes.

Main Results:

  • Alzheimer's disease patients showed a significantly lower retention rate in the fast adaptive process compared to controls.
  • The slow adaptive process was largely unaffected in AD patients.
  • Both groups exhibited spontaneous recovery, indicating intactness of some adaptive mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The declarative memory system's involvement in the fast process of motor adaptation is demonstrably disturbed in Alzheimer's disease.
  • The slow, nondeclarative adaptive process is resilient to early-stage AD.
  • Findings provide neurocomputational support for employing errorless learning in dementia care.