Painkiller intake and problematic health literacy in sport and music students - A cross-sectional study

Previous works have suggested a high prevalence of painkiller intake (PI) among sport students but also improved health literacy (HL) for sports-active students than for sports-inactive students. Since health-related content also forms part of the sport science curriculum, the study focuses on these seemingly paradoxical results. Music students who are also physically active through their instrumental practice, who act in an area with increased PI and who have no health-related teaching content in their curriculum composed the comparison group. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of PI and HL in cohorts of sport (n = 222; 54.5% female) and music students (n = 89; 67.4% female) using a cross-sectional online survey in Lower Saxony, Germany. The hypothesis tests were validated by calculating frequentist and Bayesian statistics. The results show that 50.9% of sport and 28.1% of music students exhibit PI concerning their study programs, often for prophylactical purposes and in the presence of low HL levels. The weak negative correlation between PI and HL was not statistically confirmed and requires further research with improved test power. Regarding the possible health consequences of an inconsiderate PI, target group-specific prevention is indicated to increase general health awareness and HL.