Quasi-operando Transmission Electron Microscopy Diagnostics for Electrocatalytic Processes in Liquids

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Relating mechano-physico-chemical phenomena to electrocatalyst lifecycle stages (start-up, operation, shut-down) is a significant challenge.
• Developing efficient and commercially viable electrocatalytic systems requires a deep understanding of these phenomena.
• Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is vital for investigating local electrocatalytic effects, complementing other operando characterization techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define operando methodologies in electron microscopy for electrocatalysis.
• To review progress in understanding catalysts, solid-liquid interfaces, and solid-liquid-gas interfaces in electrocatalysis.
• To discuss parameters for operando environmental conditions liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (ec-LPTEM) studies.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on operando electron microscopy in electrocatalysis.
• Analysis of knowledge gained regarding catalysts, interfaces, and interfacial phenomena.
• Discussion of parameters for operando ec-LPTEM studies.

Main Results:

• Progress in understanding catalysts, solid-liquid interfaces, and solid-liquid-gas interfacial phenomena for various electrocatalytic reactions.
• Definition and application of operando methodologies in electron microscopy.
• Identification of key parameters for future operando ec-LPTEM studies.

Conclusions:

• Operando TEM is crucial for advancing electrocatalyst design and understanding.
• Further research is needed to optimize parameters for operando ec-LPTEM studies.
• This review provides a foundation for future investigations into electrocatalytic systems.